Pregunta 14 mayo 2026 de Alvise Pérez (NI)
Asunto: Acuerdo UE-Reino Unido sobre Gibraltar y salvaguardias para la soberanía española
El 11 de junio de 2025, la Unión y el Reino Unido anunciaron un acuerdo político sobre Gibraltar. El proyecto de Tratado se publicó tan solo unos meses después y establece un marco específico para la circulación de personas y mercancías, que incluye disposiciones destinadas a suprimir los controles en la frontera terrestre y a establecer que los controles Schengen se lleven a cabo en el puerto y el aeropuerto de Gibraltar. Al mismo tiempo, el acuerdo no modifica las posiciones jurídicas de España y el Reino Unido en materia de soberanía y jurisdicción, y mantiene disposiciones específicas para las instalaciones y el personal militares británicos.
Dado que Gibraltar permanece fuera de la Unión y del espacio Schengen, aunque mantendría una conexión estable y excepcional con este último y con el mercado europeo:
- ¿Cómo garantizará la Comisión que, sin avances en materia de soberanía, este acuerdo no conduzca a la normalización a largo plazo de la posición económica, fiscal y logística excepcional de Gibraltar?
- ¿Qué garantías concretas mantendrá España en materia de control fronterizo, aduanero, fiscal y de seguridad?
- ¿Cómo justifica la Comisión un trato especial para las instalaciones y el personal militares británicos en un marco diseñado para facilitar la integración civil y
económica?
Respuesta 1 de julio 2026 Comisario Šefčovič
- The EU-UK Agreement in respect of Gibraltar states that it shall be without prejudice to the legal positions of Spain and the UK with regard to sovereignty and jurisdiction and shall not constitute the basis for any assertion or denial of sovereignty including in legal proceedings or otherwise.
- The Agreement includes strong safeguard measures preserving the integrity of the EU’s Single Market, the Customs Union and the EU’s financial interests as well as the security of the Schengen area.
In relation to the movement of persons, Spain will perform full Schengen checks at Gibraltar airport and port, and will be responsible for border surveillance, including in adjacent waters, in line with relevant EU rules.
In relation to the movement of goods, the Agreement provides for customs checks and controls to be carried out by Spanish authorities or jointly by the authorities of Spain and the authorities of the UK, in respect of Gibraltar, and for strong cooperation on tax and customs matters, anti-fraud and tobacco provisions with the authorities of the UK, in respect of Gibraltar. - In order to ensure the continuation of the proper functioning of the military base in Gibraltar, the Agreement includes rules for the entry and exit of goods as well as for the entry and exit of military personnel, the civilian component and their family members going to the military base.
Subject: EU-UK agreement on Gibraltar and safeguards for Spanish sovereignty
On 11 June 2025, the EU and the United Kingdom announced a political agreement on Gibraltar. The draft treaty was published only months later and establishes a specific framework for the movement of persons and goods, which includes provisions removing controls at the land border and stipulating that Schengen checks are to be carried out at Gibraltar’s port and airport. At the same time, the agreement leaves unchanged the legal positions of Spain and the United Kingdom on sovereignty and jurisdiction, while preserving specific arrangements for British military facilities and personnel.
Given that Gibraltar remains outside the EU and Schengen, but would have a stable and exceptional connection to the Schengen area and the European market:
- 1. How will the Commission ensure that this arrangement does not amount to the long-term normalisation of Gibraltar’s exceptional economic, fiscal and logistical position, without progress on sovereignty?
- 2.What concrete guarantees will Spain retain regarding border, customs, fiscal and security control?
- 3.How does the Commission justify special treatment for British military facilities and personnel within a framework designed to facilitate civilian and economic integration?
Answer 1 July 2026 Commissioner Šefčovič
- 1. The EU-UK Agreement in respect of Gibraltar states that it shall be without prejudice to the legal positions of Spain and the UK with regard to sovereignty and jurisdiction and shall not constitute the basis for any assertion or denial of sovereignty including in legal proceedings or otherwise.
- 2. The Agreement includes strong safeguard measures preserving the integrity of the EU’s Single Market, the Customs Union and the EU’s financial interests as well as the security of the Schengen area. In relation to the movement of persons, Spain will perform full Schengen checks at Gibraltar airport and port, and will be responsible for border surveillance, including in adjacent waters, in line with relevant EU rules. In relation to the movement of goods, the Agreement provides for customs checks and controls to be carried out by Spanish authorities or jointly by the authorities of Spain and the authorities of the UK, in respect of Gibraltar, and for strong cooperation on tax and customs matters, anti-fraud and tobacco provisions with the authorities of the UK, in respect of Gibraltar.
- 3. In order to ensure the continuation of the proper functioning of the military base in Gibraltar, the Agreement includes rules for the entry and exit of goods as well as for the entry and exit of military personnel, the civilian component and their family members going to the military base.